Your Money Mindset

by Matthew Tarkington

When once asked how much money is enough, JD Rockefeller answered “just a little bit more.” Can you imagine? One of the richest men in all of history still staying that he needed more money!

That tells us something: being broke isn’t about numbers, it is about your mindset.

If you wake up every day thinking “I don’t have enough, I’ll never have enough,” you are living in a scarcity mindset. You will likely react to situations with fear and frustration, always feeling broke.

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Here’s how we can change that mindset with five minutes every day.

1. Build a gratitude mindset

Every day, when you wake up, write down three things that you are thankful for. Gratitude is the antidote to scarcity.

2. Microactions

Make a decision to have a small financial win, every day. Maybe it is saving $10, or skipping an unneccesary purchase, or taking some time to learn more about investing.

3. Update your self talk

Replace the words “I’ll never have enough” with “I am making progress.” Remind yourself, daily, that you are moving forward, even if it is not as fast as you’d like.

This is about more than simply having a positive mindset, though that is important. This is about retraining your brain how to think, what to notice, and, ultimately, how to build healthy habits.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

What is Goals-Based Investing?

by Franklin J. Parker, CFA

We talk a lot about goals-based investing around here, but what is it?

I am a visual thinker, so like to sum it up with a picture:

What is goal based investing? It is the intersection of your world, of your goals, and the "big world", the world of financial markets, investing, transactions, etc.

Goals-based investing sits at the intersection of Your World — your goals, your dreams, your financial situation, your values — and the Big World — the world of interest rates, financial markets, investing, stocks, and bonds.

This sounds obvious, doesn’t it? Surprisingly, it hasn’t been obvious in the world of financial theory and academia. It has only been recently that investment strategies have incorporated the things we associate with goals, like having a minimum amount of money within a certain period of time. Until recently, investment theory has ignored Your World.

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Goals-based investing is also more complicated. In addition to building an expertise investing money, we must also build an expertise in you. Because to properly invest money, we must first understand who and what we are investing it for. We cannot manage money in the abstract, we must manage it with your end goal in mind.

Just because it is more complicated however, doesn’t mean it isn’t worth it. Ultimately, goals-based investing leads to better outcomes: your goals achieved more often. In the end, that is what matters to us because that is what matters to you.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

3 Things Your Financial Advisor Won’t Tell You

What Your Financial Advisor Won’t Tell You

by Franklin J. Parker, CFA

Here are three things your financial advisor won’t tell you.

Market Timing is Inevitable

As much as we hate to admit it, as goal-based investors, we are market timers. There’s a point at which you need your money, and if it’s not there because of a mistimed market drawdown, why did you save all those years?

Timing the market is often seen as a risky endeavor, but the reality is that everyone does it to some extent. The key is to have a strategy that aligns with your financial goals and timelines.

Sometimes, Gambling is Rational

Believe it or not, it’s actually rational to gamble sometimes. I know it sounds crazy, but I’ve proven it with real math! Now, it’s not rational to gamble everything all the time, and I’m not suggesting you put your entire investment portfolio into one high-risk venture.

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However, depending on your goals, some allocation to high-volatility investments might make sense. It’s about balancing risk and reward in a way that suits your individual circumstances.

Many Advisors Do the Bare Minimum

Unfortunately, most advisors don’t do much. You might get a call every six months and a sit-down once a year. But when it comes to actually managing your investments, they rebalance and call it a day. I believe your financial advisor needs to earn their fee.

We strive to get to know you so well that we can use our expert eyes to determine what you need to manage both your upside and downside risk in light of your goals.

Conclusion

Your financial journey is unique, and you deserve an advisor who understands that. We want to help you achieve your dreams by working out all the details. Your job is to dream big, and our job is to make those dreams a reality. Let’s work together to ensure your financial strategy is as dynamic and personalized as your aspirations.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

Should I Own Bitcoin?

Should I Own Bitcoin?

by Franklin J. Parker, CFA

Let me tell you a story.

A couple of years ago, I attended an investment conference in Italy. While dining outside with a few investment professionals on the shores of beautiful Lake Maggiore (highly recommended, by the way), I was eager to chat with a friend who had recently started a cryptocurrency fund. Having followed Bitcoin since 2011 and read Satoshi Nakamoto’s original white paper, I was excited to learn how he made buy and sell decisions in the crypto market.

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To my disappointment, his answers were no better than those you’d hear from the typical “crypto bros” online. Despite my belief that Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies will play a significant role in the future, the critical question remains: at what price?

If Bitcoin’s future value is $1,000,000 per coin, then investing now seems like a no-brainer. But if it stabilizes at $1,000 per coin, the potential downside is substantial. This highlights the importance of knowing when to buy and sell, a component often missing from the Bitcoin conversation.


My Conversation with a Professional Cryptocurrency Investor


So, should you own Bitcoin in your portfolio? The answer isn’t straightforward. It depends on your individual goals and risk tolerance. This is where we can help. By understanding your financial objectives, we can determine whether Bitcoin is a suitable investment for you.

Investing in Bitcoin isn’t just about jumping on the bandwagon; it’s about making informed decisions that align with your overall strategy. Let’s discuss your goals and see if Bitcoin fits into your financial plan. Your journey to financial success is unique, and we’re here to help you navigate it.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

The Irony of Investing

The Irony of Investing

You know, the great irony of investing is that it has almost nothing to do with money. Most people think that investing is about chasing the numbers on the screen. But in reality, investing is about organizing your resources to live your best life possible.

Beyond the Numbers

If your life is entirely focused on the numbers, you’re likely to sacrifice your happiness for some random digits on the screen. And really, what type of life is that? Investing should not be about the relentless pursuit of financial gain at the expense of your well-being and happiness.

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Organizing Resources for a Fulfilling Life

True investing is about more than just money. It’s about strategically organizing your resources—time, energy, and finances—to create a life you love. When you focus on what truly matters, you can make decisions that enhance your quality of life, rather than just your bank balance.

Conclusion

So, remember, investing isn’t about the money. It’s about organizing your resources to live a life you love. By shifting your focus from the numbers to the bigger picture, you can achieve a more fulfilling and balanced life. Let’s work together to ensure your investments support your dreams and happiness, not just your financial goals.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

Can We Forecast a Recession? Here are Some Signals to Watch

Can We Forecast a Recession? Here is What We Watch For.

by Franklin J. Parker, CFA

Are there indicators you can watch for to help determine when a recession is on the horizon? Turns our there are! We follow over 20 different indicators, but here are three of them.

Yield Curve

In a normal environment, you get paid more to tie up your money for more time. However, before a recession, that relationship tends to become skewed, and you get paid more to tie up your money for three months than you do for 10 years.

Typically, after that inversion, a recession is not too far behind.

As you can see from the chart, we currently have the longest and deepest inversion on record.

The Yield Curve is a good predictor of recessions. This chart shows how the the curve tends to invert ahead of recessions, and how it is very inverted now.

Index of Leading Economic Indicators

Another indicator we follow to help us forecast recessions is the Index of Leading Economic Indicators. This is actually several indicators collected into one. As you can see, it tends to peak and then fall as a recession approaches.

Currently, this index has fallen for the longest amount of time on record without a recession.

The index of leading economic indicators tends to peak and then fall ahead of a recession. This chart shows this index from 1989 to 2024, and the current fall is the longest on record without a recession.

Unemployment Rate

While the unemployment rate may not be a great indicator of how many people are actually employed, using it as a recession indicator works pretty well. When the unemployment rate moves above its the average rate over the last 12 months, it tends to keep climbing, due to a recession.

As you can see, the unemployment rate has moved above its 12-month average and has been climbing.

The unemployment rate is another indicator that helps to predict recessions. In this chart we see the unemployment rate moving above its 12-month average.

Overall, there are several indicators people watch for to help them guage the economic cycle.

Of course, exactly how this information affects you and your portoflio is entirely unique to you and your goals. Your goals may allow you to weather losses better than someone who is within a few years of retirement, for example. That’s why we are offering a free risk assessment to help you.

Ultimately, though, there is little downside to understanding the signals indicating a recession is on the horizon, and these three indicators are a good place to start.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

Building Wealth Through Successful Habits

Building Wealth Through Successful Habits

Building wealth is all about developing successful habits. Here’s a simple strategy to get you started.

Start Small, Think Big

This month, as you pay your water bill, utility bill, or any other bill manually, set aside $10 into your savings account. Next month, increase that amount to $15, and the following month, try for $20. The key is to start small and gradually increase your savings.

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Link Habits to Existing Actions

To create productive habits, you need to link them to something you’re already doing. By associating your savings habit with paying bills, you make it easier to remember and stick to. This method leverages your existing routines to build new, beneficial habits.

Consistency is Key

Success isn’t a one-time event; it’s a series of small actions done consistently. By regularly setting aside money, even in small amounts, you build a habit that can lead to significant savings over time.

It’s the consistency that counts, not the size of each individual contribution.

Get Support

One last thing: having someone to support you can make a big difference. Staying disciplined is easier when you have someone to hold you accountable and provide encouragement. That’s where we come in. Our job is to help you stay on track and work out the details, so you can focus on your dreams.

Conclusion

Building wealth doesn’t happen overnight. It’s about creating and maintaining successful habits. Start small, link new habits to existing ones, and stay consistent. And remember, you don’t have to do it alone. We’re here to help you every step of the way.

Your job is to dream; our job is to help you make those dreams a reality.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

3 Secrets for Business Owners to Lower Taxes*

3 Secrets for Business Owners to Lower Taxes*

Hey business owners, are you feeling the pinch from taxes? You’re not alone, but I’ve got three secrets that could ease your burden.

1. Benefit Plans: Your Future, Your Savings

It might not seem like it, but the tax code is actually designed with business owners in mind. One of the most effective strategies you can implement is setting up a benefit plan within your business. This allows you to take deductions while simultaneously putting money aside for the future.

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Here’s the kicker: in many cases, you can lend yourself money from these plans if things get tight. This dual benefit of saving for the future and having a financial safety net can be a game-changer for your business.

2. Specialized Insurance Plans: Protect and Prosper

Another powerful tool at your disposal is specialized insurance plans. Policies like key man life insurance or a buy-sell agreement not only protect your business but also offer tax-deductible premium payments. These policies build cash value over time, which you can then lend back to your business if needed.

Moreover, the benefits of these policies extend to your heirs, ensuring that your legacy is protected. There are even more advanced insurance policies that allow you to accumulate significant amounts of money in a tax-advantaged way, but we’d have to talk through those in person.

3. Specialized Investments: Tax Benefits Today, Growth Tomorrow

The last strategy, often overlooked, involves specialized investments. These investments provide immediate tax benefits while also offering long-term growth potential. Although, these investments are typically reserved for folks with income of greater than $300,000 per year. These investments can be a crucial part of your tax strategy, helping you save money now and build wealth for the future.

Conclusion

If you’re a business owner frustrated with your taxes, it’s time to explore some more advanced strategies. Setting up benefit plans, leveraging specialized insurance, and making smart investments can all contribute to a more favorable tax situation. And, of course, your tax professional can and should be part of that discussion.

Remember, your job is to dream big and drive your business forward. Our job is to handle the details and help you navigate the complexities of the tax code. Give us a call, and let’s unlock the full potential of your business together.

* Directional Advisors does not offer tax nor legal advice. Consult a qualified professional before embarking on any tax-driven strategy.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

Will You Weather the Storm?

Will You Weather the Storm?

by Matthew Tarkington

Here’s one thing I know about you: either you’re going through a storm right now, you just went through one, or you’re preparing to face one soon. Life’s challenges are inevitable, but facing them alone is never a good idea. That’s why we’re passionate about walking beside you, whether the sun is shining or the floodwaters are rising.

At the end of the day, we’re financial advisors. But to us, it’s not just about numbers on a screen. It’s about who you are as a person and helping you construct a life worth living. We believe in building relationships that go beyond financial transactions. We want to understand your dreams, your fears, and your goals, so we can help you navigate through life’s storms with confidence and clarity.

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Our approach is holistic. We don’t just focus on your financial health; we consider your overall well-being. We know that true wealth isn’t just measured in dollars and cents but in the quality of your life and the fulfillment of your aspirations. Whether you’re planning for retirement, saving for your children’s education, or simply trying to make the most of your current resources, we’re here to provide guidance and support.

We understand that every storm is different. Some are brief and intense, while others are long and drawn out. No matter the nature of the storm you’re facing, we have the tools and expertise to help you weather it. From creating a solid financial plan to offering emotional support during tough times, we’re committed to being your trusted partner.

So, if you’re feeling overwhelmed by the challenges ahead, remember that you don’t have to face them alone. Reach out to us, and let’s work together to build a resilient and prosperous future. Your journey is unique, and we’re here to help you navigate it every step of the way.

I hope to meet you soon and start this journey together. Let’s weather the storm and come out stronger on the other side.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.

The Biggest Mistake in Investing: Lack of a Cohesive Strategy

The Biggest Mistake in Investing

by Franklin J. Parker, CFA

What’s the single biggest mistake people make when picking stocks? In my 20-year career, one mistake stands out above all others: not having a cohesive strategy.

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The Importance of a Cohesive Strategy

Without a cohesive strategy, your investment decisions can become erratic and unfocused, leading to potential trouble. But how do you know if you have a cohesive strategy? Here are some signals to watch for:

  • Seeking Advice Constantly: If you’re frequently asking others what to buy and when to buy it, you probably don’t have a strategy.
  • Indecision on Investments: If you’re agonizing over whether to enter or exit an investment, it’s a sign that your strategy might be lacking.
  • Lack of Evaluation Skills: If you don’t understand how to evaluate an investment opportunity, you don’t really have a strategy.

Developing a Cohesive Strategy

If you’re worried that you don’t have a strategy, you need to take one of three actions:

  1. Borrow a Strategy: Learn from successful investors and adopt their strategies.
  2. Build Your Own Strategy: Develop a personalized strategy based on your financial goals and risk tolerance.
  3. Buy a Strategy: Hire a professional to help you create and implement a cohesive investment strategy.

Conclusion

Having a cohesive strategy is crucial for successful investing. It helps you make informed decisions, reduces stress, and increases your chances of achieving your financial goals. If you’re interested in discussing our strategy, we’d love to chat with you. And we’re also keen to hear what’s working for you, so feel free to drop a comment below.

Remember, investing without a strategy is like sailing without a compass. Let’s work together to chart a course for your financial success.

This document is a general communication being provided for informational purposes only. It is educational in nature and not designed to be taken as advice or a recommendation for any specific investment product, strategy, plan feature or other purpose in any jurisdiction, nor is it a commitment from Directional Advisors to participate in any of the transactions mentioned herein. Any examples used are generic, hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. This material does not contain sufficient information to support an investment decision and it should not be relied upon by you in evaluating the merits of investing in any securities or products. In addition, users should make an independent assessment of the legal, regulatory, tax, credit, and accounting implications and determine, together with their own financial professionals, if any investment mentioned herein is believed to be appropriate to their personal goals. Investors should ensure that they obtain all available relevant information before making any investment. Any forecasts, figures, opinions or investment techniques and strategies set out are for information purposes only, based on certain assumptions and current market conditions and are subject to change without prior notice. All information presented herein is considered to be accurate at the time of production, but no warranty of accuracy is given and no liability in respect of any error or omission is accepted. It should be noted that investment involves risks, the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions and taxation agreements and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Both past performance and yields are not reliable indicators of current and future results.